See courriel on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "adresse courriel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "courriel indésirable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "courrieller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pourriel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kouryèl"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"calque",
"calque"
],
"word": "elmek"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱers-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-"
],
[
"*korsō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/korsō"
],
[
"currere",
"curro#Latin"
],
[
"correre",
"correre#Italian"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-iere",
"-iere#Italian"
],
[
"corriere",
"corriere#Italian"
],
[
"corier",
"corier#Middle_French"
],
[
"courrier",
"courrier#French"
],
[
"ἤλεκτρον",
"ἤλεκτρον#Ancient_Greek:_amber"
],
[
"ēlectrum",
"electrum#Latin:_amber"
],
[
"*-ikos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ikos"
],
[
"*-ikos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ikos#Proto-Italic:_-ic"
],
[
"-icus",
"-icus#Latin:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"ēlectricus",
"electricus#Latin:_electric"
],
[
"electric",
"electric#English:_electricity"
],
[
"*h₁ey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ey-#Proto-Indo-European:_go"
],
[
"*h₁éyti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éyti"
],
[
"*éimi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/éimi#Proto-Hellenic:_to_go"
],
[
"ἰόν",
"εἶμι#Ancient_Greek:_to_go"
],
[
"ion",
"ion#English:_particle"
],
[
"electron",
"electron#English:_particle"
],
[
"-icus",
"-icus#Latin:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ique",
"-ique#Old_French:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ik",
"-ik#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic#English"
],
[
"électronique",
"électronique#French"
],
[
"courrier",
"courrier#French"
],
[
"électronique",
"électronique#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "courrier",
"4": "électronique",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"currere\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to run\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱr̥séti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱers-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*korsō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"currō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"correre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-iere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"corriere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"corier\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"courrier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"particle\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"blend\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"electricity\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"electric\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amber\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amber\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἤλεκτρον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ēlectrum\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"ēlectricus\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electric\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"particle\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"ἰόν\", \"id\" : \"to go\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to go\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"go\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éyti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*éimi\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"εἶμι\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ion\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electron\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ikos<id:-ic>\", \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electronic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"électronique\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"courriel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"courriel\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "courrier<t:mail>",
"3": "électronique<t:electronic>"
},
"expansion": "Blend of courrier (“mail”) + électronique (“electronic”)",
"name": "blend"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "coined"
},
"expansion": "coined",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"ISSN": "0026-0452",
"accessdate": "30 July 2021",
"day": "",
"doi": "10.7202/1075847ar",
"first": "Georges L.",
"issue": "2",
"journal": "Meta",
"last": "Bastin",
"location": "Montreal, QC, Canada",
"month": "August",
"page": "499-520",
"t": "He also accumulates linguistic initiatives: coiner of the word courriel (“email”) […]",
"text": "Il collectionne aussi les initiatives langagières : créateur du mot courriel […]",
"title": "André Clas – Une vie consacrée à la traduction, la terminologie et la lexicologie",
"url": "https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/meta/2020-v65-n2-meta05892/1075847ar/",
"volume": "65",
"worklang": "fr",
"year": "2020"
},
"expansion": "2020 August, Georges L. Bastin, “André Clas – Une vie consacrée à la traduction, la terminologie et la lexicologie”, in Meta, volume 65, number 2 (overall work in French), Montreal, QC, Canada, →DOI, →ISSN, retrieved 30 Jul 2021, pages 499-520:\nIl collectionne aussi les initiatives langagières : créateur du mot courriel […]\nHe also accumulates linguistic initiatives: coiner of the word courriel (“email”) […]",
"name": "quote-journal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "courrier",
"4": "électronique",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel\nBlend of courrier (“mail”) + électronique (“electronic”). Originating in French-speaking Canada around 1994. Possibly coined by terminologist André Clas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "courriels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "courriel m (plural courriels)",
"name": "fr-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "computing"
},
"expansion": "(computing)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cour",
"riel"
]
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "E-mail",
"orig": "fr:E-mail",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"english": "I sent you an email with the document in attachment.",
"text": "Je t'ai envoyé un courriel avec le document en pièce jointe.",
"translation": "I sent you an email with the document in attachment.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "In an email to staff, Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai defended employees’ right to express themselves, arguing that most of the memo was open to debate.",
"ref": "2017 August 8, “L'ingénieur de Google auteur de propos sexistes licencié [Google engineer who made sexist remarks sacked]”, in RTS Info, Lausanne, Switzerland: Radio télévision suisse, retrieved 30 Aug 2026:",
"text": "Dans un courriel au personnel, le PDG de Google Sundar Pichai a défendu le droit des employés à s'exprimer, estimant que la plus grande partie de la note pouvait faire l'objet d'un débat.",
"translation": "In an email to staff, Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai defended employees’ right to express themselves, arguing that most of the memo was open to debate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email (message sent through an electronic system)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "message"
}
],
"id": "en-courriel-fr-noun-FNRwmYJO",
"links": [
[
"email",
"email"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) email (message sent through an electronic system)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "courrier électronique"
},
{
"word": "message électronique"
},
{
"word": "e-mail"
},
{
"word": "mail"
},
{
"word": "mél"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "E-mail",
"orig": "fr:E-mail",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
67
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"english": "Is it urgent? Then I'll let you know the decision by email.",
"text": "C'est urgent ? Alors je vous communiquerai la décision par courriel.",
"translation": "Is it urgent? Then I'll let you know the decision by email.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
124
],
[
129,
137
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
42
],
[
80,
85
],
[
87,
92
]
],
"english": "Provided they have a computer and an email address, you can send your photos by email. Email enhances the immediacy of digital photography: […] .",
"ref": "2008, Paul Durand Degranges, iLife'08, Montreuil, France: Pearson Education France, →ISBN:",
"text": "Dès lors que ceux-ci sont équipés d'un ordinateur et d'une adresse électronique, vous pouvez envoyer vos photos par courriel. Le courriel augmente l'instantanéité de la photo numérique : […].",
"translation": "Provided they have a computer and an email address, you can send your photos by email. Email enhances the immediacy of digital photography: […] .",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email (system for transmitting and receiving digital messages)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "messagerie"
}
],
"id": "en-courriel-fr-noun-1YPnd1Zb",
"links": [
[
"email",
"email"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) email (system for transmitting and receiving digital messages)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "courrier électronique"
},
{
"word": "messagerie électronique"
},
{
"word": "e-mail"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "fr:Computing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 32 35",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "E-mail",
"orig": "fr:E-mail",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "Give us your email and we'll send you the file.",
"text": "Donne-nous ton courriel et on t'enverra le fichier.",
"translation": "Give us your email and we'll send you the file.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"english": "\"Oh really? And can you give me his/her email? I could write to him/her.\"",
"ref": "2016 April 12, Marilou Addison, Emma – Quatre saisons pour aimer [Emma – Four seasons to love], Blainville, Québec: Andara Éditeur, →ISBN, →OCLC:",
"text": "— Ah ouais? Et tu peux me donner son courriel? Je pourrais lui écrire.",
"translation": "\"Oh really? And can you give me his/her email? I could write to him/her.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email address"
],
"id": "en-courriel-fr-noun-T-6ag8Md",
"links": [
[
"email address",
"email address"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, informal) email address"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku.ʁjɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-0x010C-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav.mp3",
"note": "Muntzenheim",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʁjɛl"
}
],
"word": "courriel"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French blends",
"French compound terms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:French/uʁjɛl",
"fr:Computing",
"fr:E-mail"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adresse courriel"
},
{
"word": "courriel indésirable"
},
{
"word": "courrieller"
},
{
"word": "pourriel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kouryèl"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"calque",
"calque"
],
"word": "elmek"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱers-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-"
],
[
"*korsō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/korsō"
],
[
"currere",
"curro#Latin"
],
[
"correre",
"correre#Italian"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"-iere",
"-iere#Italian"
],
[
"corriere",
"corriere#Italian"
],
[
"corier",
"corier#Middle_French"
],
[
"courrier",
"courrier#French"
],
[
"ἤλεκτρον",
"ἤλεκτρον#Ancient_Greek:_amber"
],
[
"ēlectrum",
"electrum#Latin:_amber"
],
[
"*-ikos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ikos"
],
[
"*-ikos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ikos#Proto-Italic:_-ic"
],
[
"-icus",
"-icus#Latin:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"ēlectricus",
"electricus#Latin:_electric"
],
[
"electric",
"electric#English:_electricity"
],
[
"*h₁ey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ey-#Proto-Indo-European:_go"
],
[
"*h₁éyti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éyti"
],
[
"*éimi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/éimi#Proto-Hellenic:_to_go"
],
[
"ἰόν",
"εἶμι#Ancient_Greek:_to_go"
],
[
"ion",
"ion#English:_particle"
],
[
"electron",
"electron#English:_particle"
],
[
"-icus",
"-icus#Latin:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ique",
"-ique#Old_French:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ik",
"-ik#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic#English"
],
[
"électronique",
"électronique#French"
],
[
"courrier",
"courrier#French"
],
[
"électronique",
"électronique#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "courrier",
"4": "électronique",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"currere\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to run\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱr̥séti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱers-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*korsō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"currō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"correre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-iere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"corriere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"corier\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"courrier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"particle\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"blend\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"electricity\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"electric\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amber\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amber\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἤλεκτρον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ēlectrum\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"ēlectricus\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electric\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"particle\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"ἰόν\", \"id\" : \"to go\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to go\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"go\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éyti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*éimi\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"εἶμι\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ion\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electron\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ikos<id:-ic>\", \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"electronic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"électronique\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"courriel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"courriel\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "courrier<t:mail>",
"3": "électronique<t:electronic>"
},
"expansion": "Blend of courrier (“mail”) + électronique (“electronic”)",
"name": "blend"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "coined"
},
"expansion": "coined",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"ISSN": "0026-0452",
"accessdate": "30 July 2021",
"day": "",
"doi": "10.7202/1075847ar",
"first": "Georges L.",
"issue": "2",
"journal": "Meta",
"last": "Bastin",
"location": "Montreal, QC, Canada",
"month": "August",
"page": "499-520",
"t": "He also accumulates linguistic initiatives: coiner of the word courriel (“email”) […]",
"text": "Il collectionne aussi les initiatives langagières : créateur du mot courriel […]",
"title": "André Clas – Une vie consacrée à la traduction, la terminologie et la lexicologie",
"url": "https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/meta/2020-v65-n2-meta05892/1075847ar/",
"volume": "65",
"worklang": "fr",
"year": "2020"
},
"expansion": "2020 August, Georges L. Bastin, “André Clas – Une vie consacrée à la traduction, la terminologie et la lexicologie”, in Meta, volume 65, number 2 (overall work in French), Montreal, QC, Canada, →DOI, →ISSN, retrieved 30 Jul 2021, pages 499-520:\nIl collectionne aussi les initiatives langagières : créateur du mot courriel […]\nHe also accumulates linguistic initiatives: coiner of the word courriel (“email”) […]",
"name": "quote-journal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "courrier",
"4": "électronique",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti\nProto-Italic *korsō\nLatin currere\nItalian correre\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nItalian -iere\nItalian corrierebor.\nMiddle French corier\nFrench courrier\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.\nEnglish ion\nblend\nEnglish electron\n▲\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronicbor.\nFrench électronique\nFrench courriel\nBlend of courrier (“mail”) + électronique (“electronic”). Originating in French-speaking Canada around 1994. Possibly coined by terminologist André Clas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "courriels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "courriel m (plural courriels)",
"name": "fr-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "computing"
},
"expansion": "(computing)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cour",
"riel"
]
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"english": "I sent you an email with the document in attachment.",
"text": "Je t'ai envoyé un courriel avec le document en pièce jointe.",
"translation": "I sent you an email with the document in attachment.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "In an email to staff, Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai defended employees’ right to express themselves, arguing that most of the memo was open to debate.",
"ref": "2017 August 8, “L'ingénieur de Google auteur de propos sexistes licencié [Google engineer who made sexist remarks sacked]”, in RTS Info, Lausanne, Switzerland: Radio télévision suisse, retrieved 30 Aug 2026:",
"text": "Dans un courriel au personnel, le PDG de Google Sundar Pichai a défendu le droit des employés à s'exprimer, estimant que la plus grande partie de la note pouvait faire l'objet d'un débat.",
"translation": "In an email to staff, Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai defended employees’ right to express themselves, arguing that most of the memo was open to debate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email (message sent through an electronic system)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "message"
}
],
"links": [
[
"email",
"email"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) email (message sent through an electronic system)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "courrier électronique"
},
{
"word": "message électronique"
},
{
"word": "e-mail"
},
{
"word": "mail"
},
{
"word": "mél"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with usage examples",
"French uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
67
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"english": "Is it urgent? Then I'll let you know the decision by email.",
"text": "C'est urgent ? Alors je vous communiquerai la décision par courriel.",
"translation": "Is it urgent? Then I'll let you know the decision by email.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
124
],
[
129,
137
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
42
],
[
80,
85
],
[
87,
92
]
],
"english": "Provided they have a computer and an email address, you can send your photos by email. Email enhances the immediacy of digital photography: […] .",
"ref": "2008, Paul Durand Degranges, iLife'08, Montreuil, France: Pearson Education France, →ISBN:",
"text": "Dès lors que ceux-ci sont équipés d'un ordinateur et d'une adresse électronique, vous pouvez envoyer vos photos par courriel. Le courriel augmente l'instantanéité de la photo numérique : […].",
"translation": "Provided they have a computer and an email address, you can send your photos by email. Email enhances the immediacy of digital photography: […] .",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email (system for transmitting and receiving digital messages)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "messagerie"
}
],
"links": [
[
"email",
"email"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) email (system for transmitting and receiving digital messages)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "courrier électronique"
},
{
"word": "messagerie électronique"
},
{
"word": "e-mail"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French informal terms",
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "Give us your email and we'll send you the file.",
"text": "Donne-nous ton courriel et on t'enverra le fichier.",
"translation": "Give us your email and we'll send you the file.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"english": "\"Oh really? And can you give me his/her email? I could write to him/her.\"",
"ref": "2016 April 12, Marilou Addison, Emma – Quatre saisons pour aimer [Emma – Four seasons to love], Blainville, Québec: Andara Éditeur, →ISBN, →OCLC:",
"text": "— Ah ouais? Et tu peux me donner son courriel? Je pourrais lui écrire.",
"translation": "\"Oh really? And can you give me his/her email? I could write to him/her.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"email address"
],
"links": [
[
"email address",
"email address"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, informal) email address"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku.ʁjɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-0x010C-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav.mp3",
"note": "Muntzenheim",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-courriel.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʁjɛl"
}
],
"word": "courriel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for courriel meaning in All languages combined (24.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.